Feb 17, 2011
Executives
David Wyshner - Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President Ronald Nelson - Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of Executive Committee Neal Goldner - VP, IR
Analysts
Fred Lowrance - Avondale Partners, LLC Christopher Agnew - MKM Partners LLC Brian Johnson - Barclays Capital Emily Shanks - Lehman Brothers John Healy - Northcoast Research
Operator
Good morning, and welcome to the Avis Budget Group Fourth Quarter Earnings Conference Call. [Operator Instructions] At this time for opening remarks and introductions, I would like to turn the conference over to Mr.
Neal Goldner, Vice President of Investor Relations. Please go ahead, sir.
Neal Goldner
Thank you, Tanya. Good morning, everyone, and thank you for joining us.
On the call with me are Ron Nelson, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer; and David Wyshner, our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Before we discuss our results for the quarter, I would like to remind everyone that the company will be making statements about its future results and expectations which constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act.
Such statements are based on current expectations and the current economic environment and are inherently subject to economic, competitive, and other uncertainties and contingencies beyond the control of management. You should be cautioned that these statements are not guarantees of future performance.
Actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements. Important assumptions and other important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements are specified in our earnings release, which was issued last night and our third quarter Form 10-Q, our Form 10-K, and other SEC filings.
If you did not receive a copy of our press release, it is available on our website at www.avisbudgetgroup.com. Comments on this call regarding our results are intended to be in reference to our results excluding certain items, which are non-GAAP financial measures and are reconciled to GAAP numbers in our press release and on our website.
Now I’d like to turn the call over to Avis Budget Group’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Ron Nelson.
Ronald Nelson
Thanks, Neal, and good morning to all of you. As I look back, 2010 was really an outstanding year.
It was a year that the travel industry began to recover from an unusually severe recession. It was a year in which our difficult first-half volume comparisons gave way to volume growth acceleration in the second half.
It was a year in which every segment of our company recorded double-digit growth in adjusted EBITDA. It was the year that our profitability returned to pre-recession levels, despite revenue, it was $800 million lower.
And it was a year, once again, where we ask all of our employees to accomplish more with less and they delivered. And as I'll discuss in a moment, it was a year in which we set a course for revenue and profit growth that I believe will move us from being not just a good company but a great one.
My enthusiasm has never been greater and I hope that over the next hour or so, you will take away an understanding about why we are so optimistic. However, since I do want our strategies and outlook to be the focus so much of this call, let me tackle the elephant in the room, our proposed acquisition of Dollar Thrifty.
We remain committed to acquiring Dollar Thrifty. It's an important growth opportunity for our company, one which moves us squarely in to the deep value runner space, one which results in significant consolidation efficiencies and one which we believe enhances competition in the marketplace.
We have been working closely with BTG and their counsel in order to obtain NI trust clearance for our proposed transaction. We've had good dialog with the FTC staff over the last few months about the complexities of our industry, and we hope to gain clarity from the FTC in the coming weeks about what actions, if any, would be required of us in order to obtain the NI trust clearance.
In fact, with our certification of substantial compliance with FTC's second request earlier this month, we have taken a further step towards securing the greater clarity that both we and BTG would like. Despite the relative absence of financial press surrounding this transaction in the last few months, our discussions with the FTC have been very constructive, although we are not yet at a point of resolution.
Beyond that, I don't think there's much for us to report at this time. So moving onto our business.
As travel volumes begin to stabilize, we decided it was an appropriate time to reflect on where the company stood and where it could go. To initiate a more robust strategic planning process than usual, rather than tailor-examining every aspect of our business, a tandem review of that look at what we are good at, where we could grow, where are our opportunities lay and what resources we needed to get there.
The result of this work and some of the initiatives we will be undertaking that we believe have the capability to accelerate revenue and profit growth, shop in the value proposition we offer to customers, build brand loyalty, and reposition our company to be more innovative by using technology to capture new opportunities and further reduce costs. To be frank, we have already begun working on a few of these initiatives, but our planning process resulted in a number of new initiatives as well as helping us prioritize the ones having the highest potential return and those, at the end of the day, that just weren't worth pursuing.
We've identified both near-term clear line-of-sight projects, ones which are expected to add income in this year and beyond as well as longer-term cross-functional initiatives that will lay the foundation for achieving growth well above the industry's natural growth rate. Some of these initiatives we'll share with you today and others we don't plan to discuss publicly for competitive reasons, but they will begin showing up in our earnings over time.
These initiatives are all organic, the baseline assumption was to assume they'll benefit from acquisitions. The profits we expect to generate will be incremental to the growth we would otherwise achieve and none of these initiatives are expected to negatively impact substantial progress we've made to strengthen our margins.
Driving profitable growth has been and will continue to be the underpinning of everything we do. First initiative I want to highlight is branding.
To be clear, the multi-brand strategy we successfully adopted in 2002 is not changing. On the contrary, we will be reinforcing and reinvigorating it.
As you know, the majority of Avis' rentals are made by business renters. And we found that there's a lot of overlap in brand perceptions, attitude and affinities between business renters and frequent renters.
To our both commercial and leisure customers returning, now is the right time to step up investment to support and promote our brands to drive growth. In late January, we initiated a multi-million dollar integrated marketing campaign to support the Avis brand.
The theme of the campaign is treating people, particularly customers, like people. It sounds simple, but each of us can unfortunately recount an experience where a service provider failed to do this.
This campaign which debuted online and in print, in the Wall Street Journal and USA Today, also reinforces Avis' "we try harder" approach by recounting letters and emails received from customers satisfied by the rental experience. I hope you had a chance to see it, if not, it is in Today's Journal and it is a year-long campaign that few readers of the Wall Street Journal will miss.
Going forward, the campaign will include other print outlets, network and cable television, online advertising and out-of-home media, including airport signage. Given the significant airline affinity of agreements that we have assigned in the past six months, we think this campaign will pay meaningful dividends.
Budget will have its own campaign targeted to value conscious customers beginning in April to support its brand positioning. We'll talk about that campaign more in our next earnings call.
Second initiative in the near-term clear line-of-sight category is centered on small business. There are over 1 million small businesses in the United States that rent cars for business purposes, collectively spending over $1 billion annually.
This market segment is highly fragmented with customers that have a choice of provider and aren't generally restricted by a prescribed travel policy. Because small business customers have somewhat different needs and significantly different mind practices than larger companies, in 2010, we committed considerable resources dedicated solely to this segment.
The results speak for themselves. Our small business volume was at 14% this past quarter and 9% for the full year.
Our margins in this segment, even after customer acquisition costs, were among the highest in our portfolio. We believe the access of substantial opportunity for us to continue to grow our small business revenue and in 2011, we have further increased the resources we're allocating, the expectation that our volume growth in this segment will outstrip the overall market by several points.
The next initiative I want to talk about is local market. Off-airport our local market is a $5 billion business excluding insurance replacement and is an important part of our overall growth strategy.
We spent the last two years strengthening our local market business and improving margins along the way, aided somewhat by closing underperforming locations. We know that our brands resonate effectively in the local market, particularly with customers who use us regularly for their airport rental needs.
As a result, we have an opportunity to strengthen our footprint with better located stores that can profitably be sustained without necessarily having to expand our insurance replacement business. In other words, the advantage of not having the dominant off-airport share that enterprise enjoys, the more location-centric insurance replacement business is that we can and will pick our spots, investing in areas where we can drive more commercial and leisure volumes to our local market locations and generate profitable revenue growth.
This is not mean that we're foregoing the pursuit of revenue growth obtainable in a broader local market business. To the contrary, our off-airport business grew 11% on a same-store basis in the fourth quarter.
But to be clear, our more immediate and significant local market opportunity is in expanding margins. One of the ways we'll do this is by co-branding locations.
We have tested several co-branded locations over the course of 2010 and have not only experienced the benefits of lower costs associated with a single shared infrastructure, but actually seen revenue increase in the consolidation due to better location sightings for the brand that moved. And in locations where we have available space, we've also had a truck rental which only increases the drop-through effect on profitability.
The concept of developing vehicle rental centers in compensating Avis Budget and Budget Truck has much more potential beyond this initial step of leveraging infrastructure and brand building, it will take some time to develop. Our off-airport margins are several percentage points lower than our airport margins.
And we think there's a real opportunity to move margins up to and beyond, in some cases, airport margins. This is a significant opportunity as our local market revenue was more than $750 million in 2010.
Margin improvement won't happen overnight, but it is one of the initiatives that we have a very clear line of sight on. The last near-term initiative I want to discuss is international inbound sales.
Approximately 7 million overseas visitors rent cars in the U.S. annually, generating some of our most profitable transactions.
It's a business characterized by longer average rental lengths and high ancillary product penetration. It's also a segment in which we are under-penetrated, particularly in the largest inbound market, Europe.
In part, because our sales and marketing efforts have not been commensurate with the profit opportunity, we are investing in this initiative with feet on the street in European territories to increase our share of the volume. It comes from international locations to drive incremental revenue and profits.
Before we expect the incremental profits from this initiative to absorb the additional expense and be additive to our earnings, while Europe is the biggest near-term opportunity, Latin America and Asia are obviously not far behind, given the growth trajectory of the middle-class and its impact on travel in those markets. We expect that all of these near-term initiatives and a few others like them will produce incremental returns for us beginning in 2011 and become more significant by 2012, while others have a longer fuse.
For instance, enabling customers to rent vehicles precisely where they want them using technologies that are more convenient to them, is an important part of the future of our industry. This is taking shape in the car share market thus far, but our view is that the real opportunity is not hourly car share but rather the off-airport market in general.
Wireless communication technologies embedded in the vehicle are approaching the point of being cost-effective enough to make enough to large scale non-storefront, off-airport vehicle rentals a practical reality, particularly on large corporate campuses. This virtual rental technology will eventually allow us to place vehicles almost anywhere and rent them without a sales agent present, potentially replacing infrastructure, reducing costs and improving processes.
We've been testing virtual technology for a while now and currently have one of our commercial customers piloting the technology on their corporate campus with several others lined up for later in the year. To support this growth, we will have more than 3000 cars equipped with wireless communication technology by the end of March and a multiple of that by the end of the year.
We believe that integrated mobile self-service technologies will enable a paradigm shift, certainly off-airport, but eventually on-airport, giving us the ability to offer our customers exactly what they want, when they want it and where they want it, all in a cost-effective manner. The next initiative and one that I'm particularly excited about is transforming the rental experience we offer and strengthening the relationship we maintain with our customers.
At its core, this is the driving force behind everything we are doing strategically, whether near or long term. Clearly, our Avis media campaign is built around reinforcing the customer service aspect to the brand and delivering on those things that our customer expects when they pay a premium for a car rental.
The CRM project we talked about last quarter as part of this initiative and is well underway, which when implemented will represent a water shed in personalizing the experience we offer our customers. In this increasingly commoditised world, customer experience can be a differentiating factor.
In order for us to move from good to great, we need to be better in exceeding our customers' expectation when they transact with this. While we retain some 99% of the large commercial accounts each year, where our much greater turn over are churned among leisure and non-affiliated business travelers.
This is the worst kind of inefficiency because it not only hurt us, but also benefits our competitors. The charge to our customer experience team is to help us better understand our customers, their needs, preferences and objectives and adapt the Avis and Budget experience and service proposition in ways our customers value most.
Every customer touchpoint is being examined, from the reservation process all the way through to customer recovery with the goal of transforming Avis Budget Group into a best-in-class customer-lead organization. One that drives increased loyalty, revenue and profits in the process.
Put this in financial perspective, the volume of rentals with our existing customers do with other rental car companies is over $2 billion. So the financial implications of even a fraction greater of customer loyalty and ideally, customer advocacy, are substantial.
We've already stepped up our interest in what customers are telling us in developing a more comprehensive understanding of the drivers of customer satisfaction, even as early on as a generated action of the win sites. For example, one of our early learnings was that a surprising number of our customer communications from e-mails to confirmations to receipts are not clear or not effective or both.
So when we're reviewing and we're working all of our documents to make sure they were as clear and customer-friendly as possible. Simple things with big implications, all you have to do is listen.
Another intermediate term initiative is optimizing our fleet costs. This initiative is really about using technology, refining operating practices and doing new things in order to make our car buying dollars work harder for us.
One way to do this is minimizing costs and maximizing proceeds at the time of disposal. Anaheim statistics suggests that our actual realization and option where we sell the majority of our cars is already several points higher than the rental car average.
While that narrows the opportunity, it clearly doesn't eliminate it. A quick look at competitive fleet costs per month, which suggests that no one is enjoying a material advantage at this juncture.
But like others in the industry, we continue to explore new channels for vehicle sales. The financial motivation is significant.
The channel has just to do it in a way the way that does not require substantial investment and infrastructure. We're already optimizing the wholesale end of our business by using online dealer auctions which now account for more than 30% of our dispositions as well as dealer direct sales.
But we will be expanding our retail sales program through our relationship with the national car chain which will not require much capital outline beyond some incremental IT costs to enhance our website. Perhaps more interesting though is that we believe there's an opportunity to maximize the value of our fleet that goes well beyond simply lowering acquisition and disposition cost.
Inceptionally, given our dual-brand strategy on- and off-airport locations and the broad range of customers we serve, there's a further optimization opportunity in how we manage and allocate our fleet. We believe every vehicle we purchase should have a mission.
A mission when we acquire it, a usage plan while it is in service and a strategy to maximize its residual value at the end of its life. Budgeted car repurchase with the intent of using only at Avis or Budget or maybe it's a car that can serve any number of customers across both brands that also cascades from airports to off-airport in its life.
This will take a big lead to understand that multiple brand strategies bridging the various customer segments only enhance that opportunity. Enhancing our current systems will force the opportunity to improve fleet allocation and inventory control, driving significant profit improvement along the way.
So we're investing to more effectively manage our fleet, making sure the right car gets to the right location and to the right customer, which maximizes the profit potential of our vehicles while in service and then managing the mileage usage to generate the best possible residual value at the time of disposal. The last initiative I want to mention is not new, but remains a vital part of our go-forward strategy.
Our performance excellence process improvement, or PEX initiative has been a great success and we remain highly committed to it. Our P&L benefited by more than $180 million in 2010 as a result of the PEX work we've done over the last three years.
We expect the annual benefits will grow by another $50 million in 2011. The PEX is important not only because of the operations and financial benefits it has delivered.
It's also important because it highlights our ability as an organization to successfully manage and implement significant cross functional strategic and cultural change in our organization. The aim is to move our multi-year efforts to implement a more sales-oriented culture to grow higher-margin ancillary revenues.
Efforts which have helped us increase ancillary revenues per day by more than 65% and increase our upsell revenue per day by more than 200% since 2006. The more experience with PEX in our ancillary revenue initiative, we know we can develop a game plan, adapt to our culture, rally our troops to meet our objectives because we have done so, to help this consumer-centric initiatives that we'll be implementing over the coming months and quarters that will help us drive growth, realize incremental profits and strengthen our brand.
As I now noted, it is not the entire list. Some initiatives we simply don't want to discuss publicly to gain the competitive advantage we feel they will deliver.
But rest assured, all of our initiatives share our common objective, grow revenues, grow profits and improve brand equity. And then finally, just to word about prepaid rentals.
For the time being, prepaid is effectively displacing our efforts to institute a no-show fee. We launched a prepaid capabilities on the budget website in late 2009, followed with Avis prepaid this past November, and the results are very encouraging.
We booked over 20,000 prepaid reservations in January on Avis.com. Its first full month of deployment, and we expect prepay revenue to increase significantly in 2011.
We're getting paid sooner, our no-show experience has improved remarkably. And importantly, we're seeing a very cost-effective shift in online booking trends and more realizing the cost savings in utilization benefits we hope for.
We will begin offering prepay rates in our voice channel next month, which should be impactful, no-show rates in this channel are far and away the highest of any of our booking channels. Just to wrap up, we're optimistic about our 2011 prospects, domestic airline capacity is expected to increase in a 3% range over the next few months and historically, we've been able to grow faster than inclined rates during an upward trending volume environment.
We're also expecting incremental volume for our new airline partnerships. With the help of some fleet adjustments we made last year, we are well-positioned to capture the profitable midweek commercial business with fleet tightness limited in the first eight months of 2010.
By seeing in fleet cost trends have also moved in our favor with average price up 4% and the average cost per car down a bit since the middle of 2007. Further, as a result of our lower operating cost structure, we're able to profitably retake some of the volume we stepped away from in 2009, which is serving to enhance our growth.
On the margin side, if you'd asked me in 2008 if we would’ve achieve our 8% margin goal by 2010, I'm sure I would've been non-committal at best. But that's exactly what we accomplished.
Given that we were able to return to pre-recession margin and income levels, despite having significantly less volume, we believe it's reasonable for us to look for further margin expansion in the future, particularly as the economy continues to rebound. Further margin improvement will be a function of revenue growth, our ability to grow ancillary products revenue, competitive dynamics, our continued vigilance with respect to cost controls and the progress we will make on the strategic initiatives I discussed.
With that, let me turn the call over to David.
David Wyshner
Thanks, Ron, and good morning, everyone. Today, I'd like to discuss our fourth quarter and full year 2010 results, our ongoing cost saving initiatives and our balance sheet, as well as expand on some of Ron's comments regarding our outlook.
My comments will focus on our results, excluding certain items. As Neal mentioned, these results are reconciled to our GAAP numbers in our press release and on our website.
In the fourth quarter, revenue increased 6% over $1.2 billion with a year-over-year revenue growth accelerating from the 3% increase we reported in the third quarter. Adjusted EBITDA more than tripled to $54 million.
Margins in this seasonally slower quarter expanded 320 basis points to 4.4%. Our full year revenue increased 1% to $5.2 billion.
Adjusted EBITDA increased to $410 million in 2010, equaling pre-recession levels despite $800 million of less revenues than in 2007. Adjusted EBITDA margins increased 320 basis points year-over-year to 7.9% and all three of our operating segments reported substantial EBITDA growth, underscoring the fact that our company-wide cost reduction efforts have proven to be both sizable and sustainable.
For those investors and analysts who compare companies' EBITDA, excluding deferred financing fees and stock-based compensation, our full year adjusted EBITDA on that basis is $450 million. Pretax income increased to $158 million in 2010 compared to a $6 million pretax loss in the prior year.
Net income increased to $107 million and diluted earnings were $0.90 per share. Turning to our segments.
In the fourth quarter, Domestic Car Rental revenue increased 4% to $905 million, reflecting a 7% increase in volume, partially offset by a 3% decline in pricing. Volume growth would've been about two points higher were it not for a decision to return budget at LAX to its licensee and select off-airport store closing.
The decline in pricing primarily reflects a difficult comparison with last year's fourth quarter. Even with the year-over-year decline, our average price was still up 6% versus fourth quarter 2008.
Commercial volume increased 3% with the strongest growth coming from small business customers. Among large commercial accounts, our retention rate remained over 99%.
Leisure volumes increased 12% year-over-year in the fourth quarter, driven by marketing investments we made, while off-airport volumes increased 9%. Adjusted EBITDA increased to $22 million in the quarter, driven by higher revenues, a 5% increase in ancillary revenue per rental day, a 16% decline in per unit vehicle depreciation costs and our cost-saving initiatives.
For full year 2010, Domestic Car Rental EBITDA increased 90% to $236 million, and margins extended by nearly 300 basis points driven by a 6% increase in ancillary revenue per rental day, a 12% decline in per unit vehicle depreciation cost and operating cost savings. In our international segment, fourth quarter revenue increased 11% year-over-year due to a 7% increase in volume and a 4% increase in pricing.
Excluding the impact of exchange rates, pricing declined 2%, reflecting difficult comparisons with the prior year fourth quarter, when pricing increased 10% on a constant currency basis. Our foreign currency hedges for 2011 worked against us in Q4.
As a result, fourth quarter adjusted EBITDA declined $2 million to $32 million, but was flat year-over-year excluding foreign exchange effects. For full year 2010, international revenue grew 14% to $922 million, adjusted EBITDA increased 21% to $155 million.
Margins expanded 100 basis points. Our strong international operations were responsible for 35% of total company adjusted EBITDA in 2010.
Revenue in our truck segment increased 5% in the fourth quarter, driven by a 13% growth in volume partially offset by a 4% decline in pricing. The growth in volumes and the decline in pricing were both due to huge growth in commercial rental volume, which has a longer length of rental and therefore, a lower average rate than one way in consumer business.
Adjusted EBITDA increased to $3 million dollars and margins expanded by 230 basis points, driven by higher revenues, higher vehicle utilization and lower fleet costs. With a significant number of truck sales on lengthy commercial rentals, particularly in December when household moving activity is pretty quiet, utilization of our trucks was up more than 15%.
Truck Rental performance improved dramatically in 2010. Revenue increased 4% and adjusted EBITDA more than doubled to $34 million with margins expanding by 500 basis points.
Full year growth was driven by 5% higher volume, a 5% decline in per unit fleet cost, lower interest cost and higher utilization. We integrated our truck in local market sales teams in 2009, effectively doubling the number of sales people selling truck rentals to commercial accounts, which yielded positive results.
Given the recovery in the truck rental business, we are planning to invest modestly in new truck rental fleet in 2011, primarily to replace a few thousand older trucks. We believe that demand for Truck Rentals is still in the early stage of its typical cyclical recovery.
If we can continue the strong growth we've seen in commercial rentals, mix will continue to negatively impact reported pricing, which should benefit volumes, utilization and earnings. Just to recap our full year 2010 results.
Adjusted EBITDA increased 69%, driven by a 21% increase in our international segment and 90% increase in Domestic Car Rental and 127% increase in truck rental. As we look ahead to 2011, we estimate our domestic fleet depreciation cost will be flat to slightly down on a per unit basis, despite having a somewhat richer mix of fleet, which should have a positive benefit on revenue and profits.
We expect that no single manufacturer will account for more than 30% of our U.S. rental cars next year.
The vehicles obtained under manufacturer repurchase programs will continue to represent approximately half of our average fleet. Our fleet will also be the most diverse in our history and will include BMWs and Mini Coopers for the first time this year.
We'll also be introducing exciting new models later in the year with some like the new Chevy Camaro convertible available exclusively from us. One of the areas that investors frequently ask about is just what sort of projects our performance excellence team is focused on.
As a result and because performance excellence is an important part of our strategy, I wanted to spend a few minutes this morning discussing PEX. PEX is all about enhancing productivity and extending best practices across all locations using tools like lean and Six Sigma as well as training and communications.
Many PEX projects come directly from our front-line field employees and they identify an opportunity to work with our PEX team to find a better way to do something. With an institutionalized new approach across our entire system.
For instance to make sure we're being as efficient as possible when we drive vehicles from one location to another, which we do thousands of times a day, we develop models to better estimate our demand per shuttlers and reduce shuttler idle time, we've established standardized shuttling routes and we're using GPS technology to track shuttle crews. In the area of preventive maintenance, we compare the efficiency of in-house technicians to third-party vendors.
This resulted in us in soliciting some work, pruning our vendor ranks and revamping our approval process for outsourced maintenance work. In our truck segment, we standardized the customer return process and streamlined inspection and maintenance procedures to reduce out of service time, which not only drove down cost but enhanced revenue.
In other projects, one I particularly like, is involved educating our customer facing employees on the buying patterns of walk up customers to better capture ancillary sales and upsells from this customer group. This may sound easy and in hindsight, even obvious, but at one airport alone, the incremental revenue generated was nearly $150,000.
A similar project developed a better inventory management system for GPS units, increasing their availability, which then provided an opportunity to rent more of these units to our customers. In total, our performance excellence team has worked on over 2400 projects and replications with more than 300 new projects and replications already underway in 2011.
Their most recent experience indicates that we're nowhere close to running out of opportunities. At the risk of a somewhat sudden segue from a more operational side of our business to a more financial side, let me now turn to the balance sheet.
Our liquidity position is strong, with over $4 billion in total liquidity, branded their quarter with more than $900 million of cash with no borrowings under our $1.2 billion corporate revolver and $800 million of availability there under. We had unused capacity under our various vehicle-backed financing programs of $2.4 billion.
Our results for the fourth quarter and in 2010 put us well within our debt covenant requirements. And in 2010, we achieved our goal of reducing leverage below 4x.
Our leverage ratio at December 31 was 3.5x and our coverage ratio was 2.7x. Our access to the asset-backed market remains strong as evidenced by the $700 million multi-tranche term deal that we completed in the fourth quarter.
It carries an average interest rate of 3.2% and an advanced rate north of 77%. We have a significant amount of term ABS debt scheduled to mature in 2012 with an average interest rate of over 6%, we will begin to address these maturities in 2011.
Ideally with bond offerings that look a lot like our most recent ABS transaction. On the non-vehicle back financing front, we issued $600 million of corporate term debt in the fourth quarter.
We used a portion of the proceeds to redeem $175 million of senior notes due 2014, and repaid $52 million of term-loan borrowings and associated swaps that would've matured in 2012. The remaining $350 million of proceeds from our recent offerings will be used either to help fund the acquisition of Dollar Thrifty or to repay additional corporate debt.
But now, we have excluded interest expense on debt where the proceeds have not been deployed in calculating income excluding certain items. We generated $149 million of free cash flow in 2010.
We continue to manage our capital spending carefully. CapEx totaled just $61 million for 2010, and we should expect that 2011 number to be more in line with our annual non-vehicle depreciation expense of around $90 million.
More generally, we expect 2011 to be the complement of 2010 with pricing comparisons easing as the year progresses, and volume comparisons becoming more difficult in the second half of the year. We expect to see a continued modest economic recovery this year, which we believe will drive increased demand for both commercial and leisure car rentals.
Looking at the first quarter, January employments were impacted by the severe winter storms across many portions of the country, which impacted our volume as well, but adjusted EBITDA held up well driven by increased ancillary product penetration, car sales and strong commercial truck rental. The first week of February was also impacted by winter storms, though February booking trends continue to strengthen.
Pricing remains consistent with our fourth quarter trends and well above 2008 levels. As Ron highlighted, the key elements of our strategy in key tactical objectives for us include investing for growth and profits, maintaining an intense focus on cost controls and process improvement, keeping fleet levels in line with demand, aggressively pursuing ancillary revenue growth of opportunities and refining and improving the vehicle rental experience for our customers.
We expect our cost-saving initiatives to provide an incremental $45 million to $55 million in savings for 2011 compared to 2010, although some of our cost-saving benefits will be offset by inflation on our nearly $2 billion base of non-fleet cost. We expect our 2011 GAAP tax rate to be 38% to 40% excluding any one-time items.
We expect full year cash taxes to be $35 million to $40 million. We do not expect to become a U.S.
federal cash taxpayer in 2011. For the wrap up, we're excited about the improvement in earnings and margins we achieved in 2010.
We are intensely focused on our prospects for growth in 2011. We achieved our 8% EBITDA margin goals sooner than we expected and we are investing for, and focused on, growth in revenues and profits.
With that, Ron and I would be pleased to take your questions.
Operator
[Operator Instructions] Our first question comes from John Healy with North Coast Research.
John Healy - Northcoast Research
I wanted to ask you a little bit about your comment that you made earlier in the call about industry rental growth rate and I wanted to get your view of how you think about the industry and its growth rate. If you think using a multiple GDP or trends versus [ph] employments, how do you think about the industry's growth rate versus those metrics?
And how do you feel Avis should be able to perform over the next couple of years versus those metrics?
Ronald Nelson
I think John, overtime that employments, at least for our business, are probably the best metric. I think we're still 80% to 81% on airport and obviously, the traffic on airport this is driven by the number of people that get off airplanes.
I think when you're in an environment where you're moving upward though, we do tend to get better growth in rentals than the growth in employments. But I think overtime, that does level out.
And so that, in conjunction with whatever you think pricing will do in the markets should be sort of the inherent growth rate in the industry. We're not going to put a number on what we think we've moved the growth rate to with these initiatives.
I do think it's meaningful though and I think it will take us well above what I think employments are going to be over the next couple of three years. I just think there's a lot of opportunity out there that can be harvested by things that -- we actually have a very clear line-of-sight on but we're not groping for -- see there's this opportunity and -- but we haven't quite figured out how to crack the code yet.
I think there's a number of things we're clearly focused on. They are going to add incremental growth.
And more importantly, they're impactful. Things like small business have inbounded our national.
Our volume-related profit margins are probably several multiples above what our core commercial business drops through. So they can have a disproportionate impact on margins relative to the amount of revenue growth that they in fact, generate.
So rather than put a number on it, let's just say I'm pretty optimistic that it's going to increase the NI growth rate in the industry pretty significantly.
John Healy - Northcoast Research
And when I thought about the growth initiatives you talked about in the call, it seems like you're taking a very balanced approach in investing in all areas of the business, but I want to take a more shorter term viewpoint of how you think 2011 will fare? As you guys plan the business, are you expecting commercial or leisure to really be the growth side of the business in 2011 or maybe you feel like they're pretty balanced and interested in your thoughts?
Ronald Nelson
I think if you look back over the last year, commercial sort of started out being the driver of growth. But probably around May or June, it started to turn around.
It actually continued through the fourth quarter, leisure was a bigger driver of volume gains than was commercial. And looking at the first two months or first six weeks of the year that we've got under our belt, leisure continues to hold the slight margin in year-over-year.
The numbers are going to be skewed a little bit because our fleet was so tight last year in the first six months and we weren't delivering -- there was more commercial volume out there than we were getting. If you recall in our first-half comparisons, I think our commercial growth was flat to down and our competitors was up fairly significantly.
So I think with more fleet, we're going to capture more commercial growth, but I think from an industry's standpoint right now, it would appear to me that leisure is outstripping commercial in terms of growth rates.
John Healy - Northcoast Research
And with that said, I was wondering if you could give a little bit color on the pricing environment. You're down 3% in the 4Q and looking like trends are similar in the first quarter, is that reflective of the market or is there some sort of mix issue going on there?
And could you give us some color on if there is a market issue going on right now, what part of the market is it focused on?
Ronald Nelson
I think pricing, like David said it right, pricing for the fourth quarter and the third quarter has been relatively stable. I think our comps are a little skewed by the fact that we had higher pricing that we're comparing to.
Certainly in the fourth quarter of '09 versus '10 and that's probably going to persist for the first two quarters of this year although at a lesser degree. With tight fleet in the first half of last year, we try to keep pricing as tightly as we could, but as this leisure comes back into the market, lengths are going to extend a little bit and that's puts a downward pressure on pricing.
I think everybody, certainly Avis or us and Hearst are going after the off-airport market with more fleet, obviously, tends to be a little over RPD so that's going to put pressure on reported price comps. But I think the right way to characterize pricing right now in the environment is that it's stable.
We're not getting any price increases, but we don't see pricing declining either.
John Healy - Northcoast Research
Just one housekeeping question, David, I was trying to reconcile one of the tables in the release to the adjusted net income number and the adjusted pretax number, it looks like it was both the loss of $6 million for the quarter. I was trying to get a little bit of color if there was any tax implications or were there are no taxes paid, I was just a little confused by that exhibit.
David Wyshner
Sure, John. I think the key issue is that when you're dealing with this small denominator is very easy to get caught up or to get it in odd tax rate.
When you look at both our reported numbers and our non-GAAP numbers, it works out to about a 35%, 36% tax rate plus $2 million and I know it looks odd in the non-GAAP number where we are very close to break even, but there's nothing more to it than a couple million dollars of noise around it and normal tax rate.
Operator
Our next question comes from Chris Agnew with MKM Partners.
Christopher Agnew - MKM Partners LLC
I want to ask about leverage and free cash flow. Just how are you thinking about leverage?
Are you looking to become investment grade? And over the next couple of -- you could free cash flow generation this year but, should we expect to see free cash flow going forward or are the investments in your growth initiatives going to soak up a greater amount of your cash flow?
David Wyshner
With respect to our balance sheet and our leverage position, I feel good about where we currently are, operating at around 3.8x to 3.5x leverage. So I think on a net basis, I think that's a reasonable place for us to be.
For what it's worth, I think our debt is a little bit underrated right now in light of where our credit metrics are. But that, I think, will sort itself out over time.
Looking forward with respect to free cash flow, we would expect that pretax income would continue to be a proxy for free cash flow in our business. Our cash taxes, as I mentioned, will be relatively manageable this year in the $35 million to $40 million range and the investments that we're talking about would either -- would not be a use of that free cash flow.
Essentially, they would either be expenses, such as additional marketing that we talked about for [ph] EBIT or budget or would be at capital spending as part of the roughly $90 million of CapEx we're looking for this year. So I wouldn't view those as changing our free cash flow from being in the ballpark of pretax income.
Christopher Agnew - MKM Partners LLC
And then a question on operating expenses. If I look just in the amount in 4Q as a percentage of revenue, it was lower than in the previous -- in the first three quarters of the year, you were lower on a year-over-year basis looking at OpEx' percentage of revenue, particularly third quarter I think was 300 basis points lower.
In the fourth quarter, it rose and I was wondering if there's anything in particular and there and how should we see we be thinking about operating expenses next year, what are the moving pieces?
Ronald Nelson
With respect to the fourth quarter, I think the key challenge becomes the fact that pricing was down and other things equal and price being down, that will tend to bring the operating costs up. Our goal is both in 2010 and going forward into 2011 is to try to offset any sort of impact either from pricing being down or from inflation through our cost-saving initiatives and by improving productivity and that's really a key issue for us being able to offset as much of the effects of inflation as we possibly can by taking cost out throughout the business, finding ways to be more productive and more efficient in everything we do.
And so we actively think about the productivity work that we're actively engaged in as being a key way to offset the significant amount of the effects of inflation.
Christopher Agnew - MKM Partners LLC
Is it fair to assume with a large chunk of or a certain chunk of fixed costs, volume growth and hopefully pricing, not as much of a headwind maybe a tailwind, that should continue to come down as a percentage of revenues going forward?
Ronald Nelson
I'm not going to forecast a number but the first point you make there, Chris, is a very good one. We do also -- we should also see benefits from some increased operating leverage as volume strengthens.
Operator
Our next question comes from Fred Lowrance with Avondale Partners.
Fred Lowrance - Avondale Partners, LLC
David, if you could just break out on the depreciation line, I guess maybe in your filings, we'll eventually get the break up between depreciation expense, gain loss on sale of vehicles, do you have those numbers handy or at a minimum, do you have what that number was for the -- I would assume its gains from the sale of vehicles but anything on that?
David Wyshner
I do. We had about $6 million in gains in the fourth quarter and the majority of it was in our international operations.
Fred Lowrance - Avondale Partners, LLC
And then, Ron, for you I know one of your near-term opportunities for growth is driving more ancillary revenue, you've done a pretty good job of that. I'm just wondering where you think you are on that process?
If you want to think about it in terms of innings in a baseball game or something, but how much more do you see that there is to do in terms of what you want to call it up selling or selling extras to customers, how far along are we in the process?
Ronald Nelson
I think there's two parts to where we are, Fred. Every time I make a prediction like this I tend to be proven wrong and I'm sure this won't be an exception.
I would guess that we're probably in the sixth or seventh inning of that. We have pretty well penetrated the top 50 airports where we do a fairly significant part of our volume.
We've now moved on to the next 50. And just as important, we just started the local market initiatives in terms of our ancillary sales training.
So there is still some left. What's interesting to me is when I look at the January numbers a couple of weeks ago, even in an environment where volume was tough to come by because of the winter storms, we were getting increased ancillary penetration.
So the selling effects of this trade are really holding and driving growth, even in the top 50 markets where frankly, where they have been -- we have more than lapped the one-year anniversary of having trained those folks. I continue to be surprised at the increasing amount of penetration that we're able to get in the growth we're able to get.
But I will probably say that we're 2/3 of the way through this initiative and one of the things that I think we continue to look for are what are some other products that we can add to the portfolio. We added emergency road service insurance this year which, you know, it's a very high profit item and it's an extra $2 or $3 or $4, or $5 actually per day of revenue and almost as much margin.
With the pressure on us is to keep innovating and adding products and at the same time, continue to drive the penetration in the markets where we haven't really completed the training yet.
Fred Lowrance - Avondale Partners, LLC
And are there any products in particular -- you mentioned emergency roadside services, one of the new ones, but where are you seeing, I guess, the most success whether it would be just from vehicle upsells or if it's roadside assistance, are you seeing any superstars in that group in terms of what's really delivering the bulk of the upside?
Ronald Nelson
The superstars in the group is upsells. That is proven to be a very big revenue item for us.
Probably of the products that we sell, it probably has the lowest margin, but frankly, when I say low, the incremental margins are probably 50% or 60%, it's just not 80% or 90% like it is on GPS. Garment is staying stable and emergency roadside services, growing.
Insurance penetration is growing modestly. And we introduced portable XM radio last year that it continues to do well.
But the big revenue items are still GPS, upsells and insurance.
Operator
Our next question comes from Brian Johnson with Barclays Capital.
Brian Johnson - Barclays Capital
Is there any way you're quantifying the various growth initiatives that you laid out in terms of either hundreds of millions of dollars of revenue or kind of percent growth that it could add to the overall earnings?
Ronald Nelson
I guess, Brian, the answer is the ancillary is. We're not going to put a number on it, but what I would point you to is in the local market we have $750 million revenue.
There's clearly a fair amount of room for margin growth in that business. So if you think we can improve margins by three points, four points, two points, that at least brackets the opportunity for you.
In terms of building increased loyalty, there's a $2 billion number out there that we know goes to other customers. I would tell you right off the bat that 40% or 45% of that is because of price and you have to look at that and say that that's probably not going to be eligible but the number gets to be somewhere around $1 billion in a quarter, increased loyalty by 5%, 10%.
You can get a sense of the incremental revenue and our margin dropped through on incremental revenue on the volumes side, it's probably around 30% on average. So you can come up with some estimates there.
Small business, profitable segment, we really don't put a number on how big that market is. But in terms of the markets that we serve on our commercial business, it is probably the second or third largest.
And if our average dropped through on volumes 30%, you can assume that small business is bigger than that. That's a sense of how you can model it, Brian, but again we're not going to put specific numbers on each of these.
Brian Johnson - Barclays Capital
Also projects of incrementals, how should we be thinking about incrementals on that currency adjusted basis international. It looks like x currency that there would've actually been a rental revenue increase of 7% minus 2% would be roughly 5%, year adjusted EBITDA was flat, so does the 30% rule not apply to international expansion?
Incremental volume?
Ronald Nelson
Generally speaking, the 30% on additional volume will tend to hold true. Given a little bit of noise in international, we'll probably sell a couple million dollars short of that in the fourth quarter, but I view that as more noise than trying to read into that any sort of trend.
Operator
Our final question comes from Emily Shanks with Barclays Capital.
Emily Shanks - Lehman Brothers
I have just a couple of line item questions. The first is around non-Fleet CapEx for fiscal year '11.
Can we assume that it's going to be relatively flat for the guidance we provided for fiscal year '10, $75 million to $90-ish million?
David Wyshner
Yes, I would look for around $90 million of non-vehicle CapEx for 2011.
Emily Shanks - Lehman Brothers
And then for the Avis Budget base business alone, what is the minimum cash balance that you need to operate the business that you ideally like to keep on your balance sheet?
David Wyshner
I think when you look at our balance sheet overtime, we've probably have never been lower than a couple hundred million dollars. And so I generally use a number in the $150 million to $200 million range when I do that sort of modeling.
Emily Shanks - Lehman Brothers
In terms of the $450 million of adjusted EBITDA that you noted, is that the EBITDA number at LLC? Is that the way we should think about it?
David Wyshner
I don't have the operating subsidiary number, but I think it should -- it would typically be very close. We can get it for you, but generally, the best way to estimate it is to take the number we reported for Avis Budget Group and then add back any losses related to our corporate and other segment, which would typically make the operating subsidiary a little bit larger.
Emily Shanks - Lehman Brothers
As I look at the $410 million that was reported versus the [ph] prophecy in your prepared remarks, what exactly is the delta there?
David Wyshner
The point I was making in my remarks is that I know some analysts and investors use an EBITDA measure that adds back stock-based compensation as well as deferred financing fees. And in fact, it's a typical way for debt covenants to be written.
And so if you take our reported number of reported adjusted number of $410 million and were to add back the stock-based compensation and deferred financing fees for comparison or covenant purposes, you’d have a number of $450 million.
Emily Shanks - Lehman Brothers
Do you have the breakout on those two line items?
David Wyshner
Yes, I believe it's $25 million of deferred financing fees and $15 million of stock-based compensation.
Emily Shanks - Lehman Brothers
I just have one last question around the Fleet age. I was hoping you could give us a little color around what's the average fleet age?
Is it the car fleet, the truck fleet and then what your target age is for fiscal '11 or how we should we think about it?
Ronald Nelson
Our current fleet is right around six months old on average and we're typically deleting or disposing of deals of cars when they're 12 to 14 months old with some being a little longer and some program vehicles being shorter. But our typical hold period on average will be in the 12 to 14 month range.
And our truck fleet is nearly five years old on average.
Operator
For closing remarks, the call is being turned back over to Mr. Ronald Nelson.
Please go ahead, sir.
Ronald Nelson
And just to recap, we feel great about our position and where we're heading. We're investing on our brand, upping our commitment to the inbound business, reshaping our local market business and investing to accelerate the growth of the small commercial business.
We're using the insights from our customer-lead teams to create a more customer-centric experience, more confident with these strategic initiatives will help us drive growth, to realize incremental profits and delve the strength of our brands by enhancing the customer experience we offer. Those three things will help us achieve what we know is your principal objective.
Building shareholder value. So if you take this one message away today, it is that we are investing to drive sustainable revenue and profit growth.
I want to thank you all for staying on the call today. I know it's a lengthy one, but hopefully, you'll believe that it was worth it.
And I look forward to discussing our progress again with you in May.
Operator
This concludes today's conference call. You may disconnect.