Hello. This is Michael Saylor.

I'm the Chairman and CEO of MicroStrategy. I'd like to welcome all of you to today's conference call regarding our 2020 second quarter financial results.

I'm here with Phong Le, our President and Chief Financial Officer. First, I'd like to pass the floor to Phong, who's going to read the Safe Harbor statement.

Thank you, Michael, and good evening, everyone. Some of the information we provide during today's call regarding our future expectations, plans and prospects may constitute forward-looking statements.

Actual results may differ materially from those forward-looking statements due to various important factors, including the risk factors discussed in our most recent 10-Q filed with the SEC. We assume no obligation to update these forward-looking statements which speak only as of today.

Also, during today's call, we'll refer to certain non-GAAP financial measures. Reconciliations showing GAAP versus non-GAAP results are available in our earnings release and our new presentation, which were issued today and are available on our website at www.microstrategy.com.

There's a lot to cover on today's call. I'll begin by providing a high level overview of our performance in the second quarter and provide our updated thinking regarding our strategic focus going forward.

I'll then close with a more detailed review of our second quarter financial results, before turning the call over to Michael for his comments. Overall, we delivered solid second quarter results given the challenging global economic backdrop due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

We continued to see healthy deal pipeline activity, and the selling dynamics at the end of June were somewhat better than what we experienced in March, at the height of the pandemic. However, there still is a great deal of uncertainty in the market, which has had an impact on our close rates.

This impact shows that most notably in our product license revenue, which was down year-over-year, but did show improvement relative to the first quarter. We believe we will see further improvement in this area over time to the extent the macroeconomic environment improves.

In the second quarter, we continued to see revenue growth from HyperIntelligence. And we signed a number of HyperIntelligence transactions with new and existing customers, including SEVEN-ELEVEN JAPAN, the Dubai Health Authority, and the International Commerce Bank of China, and several global software and financial services companies.

We also saw notable strength in our cloud offering, which helped drive double-digit year-over-year growth in subscription billings. The enhancements we continue to make to our cloud platform coupled with the scalability and ease of deployment of a cloud platform are generating strong interest from customers.

The rapid move to work-from-home environment has proven to be a catalyzing event for many organizations that has been reevaluating the pace and scope of their digital transformation initiatives. We believe our cloud platform is well-positioned to benefit more companies as they look to move away from their traditional on-premise IT stacks.

One other notable area of strength in the second quarter and a last year has been our OEM business where companies embed the MicroStrategy platform into their end customer solutions. MicroStrategy’s modern, open enterprise grade platform is rated the number one OEM business intelligence solution by several industry analysts.

We also made notable improvements in profitability with non-GAAP operating income of $8.6 million, an increase of $10.3 million from our non-GAAP operating loss of $1.8 million in the second quarter of 2019. This reflects the impact of our cost rationalization efforts over the past year, as well as additional steps taken during the quarter.

We have reduced year-over-year non-GAAP operating expenses for the past three quarters with total non-GAAP operating expenses down $16.2 million, or 17% year-over-year in the second quarter. We are pleased with the profitability improvements we've generated across the business as a result of shifts in our go-to-market approach, scaling our cloud business and increased focus on G&A expenses.

We intent of these initiatives is to run a more lean and efficient organization committed to generating increased cash flow while still focusing on revenue growth. I'll talk more about additional opportunities for improvement in a few moments.

From a go-to-market perspective in the second quarter, we made significant progress virtualizing business operations. For example, we’ve been very pleased with the productivity improvements we're generating from the fully virtualized marketing program.

As discussed last quarter, virtual events and an increased focus on driving lead flow through our interactive website allows us to reach for much greater number of customers more quickly with greater flexibility and a materially lower costs than the traditional live events and static website, a core part of our historical marketing efforts. We're now fully committed to a virtual demand generation approach and expect this to represent the majority of our marketing strategy even after the pandemic is behind us.

We're also making changes to our sales focus. We'll now be leading with our cloud platform in most discussions with prospects and customers.

We’re leaning on a cloud-based approach, given the early traction we are seeing with our cloud platform and our view that many organizations are likely to accelerate cloud deployments, post COVID. The benefits of the cloud deployment are becoming more apparent to many customers.

And we believe that replatforming of the data warehouse layer, which is a common catalyst for switching to a cloud BI platform has reached a critical mass. To facilitate this trend, we plan to make our cloud pricing more transparent online for prospective customers and make it easier for them to buy our cloud platform and HyperIntelligence in the second half of 2020 and into 2021.

By simplifying our pricing and building out our online and digital marketing efforts, we believe we can reach a broader cross-section of potential customers than we have historically. Going forward, we'll also begin instituting incentive programs for existing on-premise customers to begin migrating to our cloud platform.

We believe there are significant benefits for customers who are ready to make the transition to a cloud deployment. To be clear, we don't intend to force any customer to move, and we will continue to sell and support our traditional on-premise platform for the foreseeable future.

We have deep and trusted relationships with our customers and we are committed to their success. We recognize that there are some customers that operate in a highly-regulated industries or are just at the beginning of their digital transformation strategies that are unlikely to move to the cloud anytime soon.

We believe, there's a strong demand for our cloud platform and our expectation is that a cloud first focus will also make it easier to do business in MicroStrategy. We're continuing to evaluate the revenue impact from this transition, which will change the mix of revenue between product license revenues, support revenues and subscription revenues in favor of the latter over time.

However, I would note that we expect this transition will likely take a few years to affect. So, the P&L impact is expected to be more modest than many other subscription transitions in the software industry.

The transition to cloud will be a priority for us going forward. Shifting license revenue from product licenses to subscriptions may make it more difficult for us to achieve top-line revenue growth in the next year.

We also believe we can run the business much more efficiently than we have in the past. As we further operationalize our virtual strategy, which includes changing our marketing programs, as we noted above, as well as making changes to our global facilities footprint and our travel and entertainment expenses, we believe we can achieve additional material reductions in our cost structure.

We recently reduced our workforce by 6% in early July. While it’s never easy to let people go, the operational changes we're making to the business mean we can do more with less.

The actions we've taken in the second quarter of 2020 and will continue to take the rest of the year should significantly reduce operating expenses going forward compared to second quarter levels. We believe overall non-GAAP operating expenses in 2020 will be 10% to 15% lower than in 2019 and that we can approach and potentially exceed 10% non-GAAP operating margins in 2020.

Looking beyond this year, we believe that we can generate $60 million to $90 million of non-GAAP operating income in 2021. Going forward, our goal is to consistently generate profitability at this level or higher.

At the same time, our commitment to profitability is not at the expense of top-line growth. We believe, our focus on HyperIntelligence, our transition to cloud, our OEM business and embracing the virtual wave will position us to help increase both, revenue and productivity.

With our commitment to generating long-term operating income and free cash flow, we'll also take a more opportunistic approach to our balance sheet. We believe we can manage our day to day business with approximately $50 million of operating cash.

This means approximately $500 million of excess cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, which we’ll be more active and managing. To-date, we've been utilizing our cash to generate shareholder value through share purchases, including $11.1 million in the second quarter.

Overall, we've returned more than $245 million to shareholders through the repurchase of 1.8 million shares since the fourth quarter of 2018. Our capital allocation strategy going forward is to return a portion of this excess capital to our shareholders and invest a portion in assets with higher return profiles and cash.

Accordingly, today, we are announcing a capital allocation strategy under which we plan to return up to $250 million to our shareholders over the next 12 months. In addition, we will seek to invest up to another $250 million over the next 12 months in one or more alternative investments or assets, which may include stocks, bonds, commodities such as gold, digital assets, such as bitcoin, or other asset types.

Both of these strategies will depend on market conditions. Turning to our second quarter 2020 financial results in more detail.

GAAP revenues for the quarter were $110.6 million, down 6% year-over-year and down 4% on a constant currency basis. Product license revenues were $14.8 million in the second quarter of 2020, a $5.3 million or 26% decrease year-over-year and down 23% on a constant currency basis.

We experienced delays in closing certain product license deals in the quarter, due to a general increase in the time it takes to close deals in the current depressed macroeconomic environment. We may continue to experience decreased product license revenues compared to prior year periods, until the effects of the pandemic have subsided.

Subscription services revenue in the second quarter of 2020 were $8.0 million, an increase of 13% year-over-year. The growth of subscription services revenues reflects the growing portion of our product bookings that are related to our managed cloud platform.

Product support revenues were $70.0 million in the second quarter of 2020, a 4% decrease year-over-year and a decrease of 2% on a constant currency basis. The larger than usual year-over-year decrease is primarily the result of one, a decrease in new product support contracts; two, certain customers converting from perpetual licenses to our subscription services offering; and three, higher than usual Q2 2019 product support revenue, due to several late renewals closing in that quarter.

Our renewal rates remained strong in this quarter. Trailing 12-month product support revenues were up slightly year-over-year on a constant currency basis.

Finally, services, which largely reflects our consulting services, increased 1% year-over-year and 2% on a constant currency basis. We continued to deliver services remotely to our customers and we're expecting that remote delivery trend to continue.

While consulting revenue grew 7% year-over-year, educational revenue decreased 45% year-over-year, primarily as a result of a decrease in the average sales price of our education offerings and free education offered to customers in late first quarter and early second quarter. Total deferred revenue at June 30, 2020 was $173.6 million.

This is down 4% year-over-year, primarily due to support contract ended fluctuations and to a lesser extent, migration to subscription services. Foreign currency translations negatively impacted deferred revenue by 1%, particularly in support revenue.

As we begin to see more existing customers convert to our managed cloud platform, there is a shift from deferred product support revenue to deferred subscription services revenue. Total GAAP expenses were $104.3 million in the second quarter of 2020, a 15% decrease year-over-year and down 6% quarter-over-quarter.

The year-over-year cost decrease is driven by efficiency in staffing, reductions in corporate travel and a reduction in the number of in-person events, mostly related to marketing. Over the last three months, like many corporations, MicroStrategy has spent significant time evaluating our business and our go-forward strategy.

We're excited about the plan we developed and for the future of the Company. We’ll continue to focus on revenue growth in our core business, primarily from HyperIntelligence, our cloud platform and our OEM business.

We are simplifying and streamlining our go-to-market approach, including our offerings and pricing. And we'll be offering a cloud for Platform as a Service solution with a greater focus on prospects.

We believe these changes will allow us to streamline our cost structure throughout the business, leading to material improvements in operating margins, EBITDA margins, and free cash flow. As a result, we expect we can run our business at approximately $50 million in operating cash, allowing us to utilize our excess cash strategically and transparently, returning a portion to shareholders and making alternative investments in assets with higher return profiles and cash.

I will now turn the call over to Michael for additional thoughts.

Thank you, Phong. I have a few things to add regarding Q2 and our results.

I expected our license execution to be choppy due to the degree of uncertainty in the quarter. But, I was pleased to see the support cloud and consulting revenues holding up strong.

Given the currency headwinds and the lockdown challenges, I think our team performed well. The Company's doing a good job of managing expenses and transitioning into a more digital firm.

We have adopted Zoom as corporate standard, our systems are holding up well as we work remotely, productivity is improving. I often times point out to the executives of the firm and the virtual age.

You can now fly anywhere at the speed of light and you can bend time and space. When you Zoom somewhere, what would have been a one day travel trip, becomes a one hour meeting.

And when you record the meeting, a meeting with one person might become a video watched 500 times, and of course, the video might be watched 300 times while you're sleeping. And so, shifting into a Zooming environment with streaming video in order to do sales, marketing and services is just one of the profoundly interesting dividends of the year 2020.

And it's driving changes in the way we do our sales, the way we do our marketing, the way we think about support, the way we think about all of our internal reviews and our corporate activities. And I am -- I think based upon these new approaches, we'll continue to see improvements to sales, marketing, service and corporate productivity going forward.

We're learning new things -- new ways to do things every day. We're getting more efficient.

We're getting higher velocity. We're injecting more automation content into our business processes.

I'd like to say few words about our technology focus, looking out. As we look forward for the coming year, we're really focused upon delivering our HyperIntelligence and our business intelligence capabilities, and a high-performance low-maintenance, multi-tenant cloud environment.

We call that the MicroStrategy Cloud platform, or MicroStrategy Cloud Intelligence, MCI for short sometimes. And the idea of the MCI offering is to combine the license, the cloud environment, the administration, the support, and hosting elements into a single offering that we can sell at the term license, similar to the way that Slack and Zoom sell.

If you have 1,000 users and you want HyperIntelligence, we're going to give you HyperIntelligence for 1,000 users for a certain price per user per month on an annual contract. We plan to release HyperIntelligence on this MCI platform in Q3.

We refer to it as HyperNow. HyperNow is going to allow you to deploy HyperIntelligence to your entire enterprise in less than one hour.

That's the marketing moniker. "Deploy HyperIntelligence to your enterprise in less than an hour."

We're just extraordinarily excited about this. It's going to be dramatically easier to buy, dramatically easier to try, dramatically easier to market and sell.

And we think that this is a great way for us to spread our intelligence value proposition everywhere. We hope to deliver business intelligence on this MCI platform in Q4.

And the marketing moniker will be “Deploy business intelligence to your enterprise in an afternoon.” And that would be our modern data sets federated data, our dossiers, our modern dossier based mobile applications, and traditional dossier, dashboard type applications running on Android and iOS and Mac clients and Window clients and then the web.

And we're excited about that. So, I think, we've got an exciting technology plan that builds on the strengths of our platform, but we're productizing it in a way that thousands of customers can find on our website, they can go to our website, they can learn everything they didn’t know about product offering from streaming videos, then they can start their trial, then they can deploy the application, all of that without any human intervention or without a lot of manual labor or friction involved.

So, it is a truly virtual version of the MicroStrategy platform. It should be dramatically easier to deploy.

So, that's an exciting thing for us. And I think the growth will come from that MicroStrategy Cloud intelligence initiative over time.

I would like to say a few words about Phong and his promotion to the role of President. I'm really pleased that Phong assumed role the President of MicroStrategy.

In this capacity, he'll be able to integrate sales, marketing, services, corporate, finance and technology operations of the firm more tightly. He's proven himself to be a very adept and agile high-bandwidth leader.

We made this decision in order to leverage his skills more fully. The time is fortuitous, since the Company needs to transform and integrate more tightly due to the digital transformation being driven by the virtual wave.

Now, having a single hands-on executive holding all of the various pieces together and driving operational efficiency is more important than ever before. So, this transition is partially about and due to Phong and his great capabilities, and it's also a great thing at the right time, because of our virtual transformation.

I am going to continue to be engaged full time in corporate strategy and marketing strategy and product strategy, working hands-on, on product design and systems development. And I'll be focusing on our alternative investment strategy and then execution of that strategy.

Generally my focus will be on items that are one to three years out, and Phong will be running the day to day operations of the business. A few words about our corporate strategy.

During Q2, we gained better clarity regarding the impact of COVID and the transition to the virtual wave and the impact that was going to have on core business. These observations combined with the major developments and the macroeconomic environment that took place during the quarter, have prompted us to adjust our corporate strategy for our business operations and also to adjust our corporate strategy for our treasury policy and how we're going to make use of our balance sheet.

Regarding our business operations. Our core value proposition of enterprise intelligence remains strong.

Our secondary value proposition of intelligent services and all the things related to our software has transitioned smoothly. We found that there's as much demand as ever for enterprise intelligence, and we're able to provide the consulting and the support in a virtual environment, effectively.

Our customer base has weathered the crisis and is holding. Our operations have simplified as we transitioned away from traditional sales and marketing techniques, flying around going to trade shows, meeting face-to-face with customers, and we moved to digital techniques, streaming video, Zoom meetings, et cetera.

We're getting the same thing done, but in a quicker, easier and more efficient fashion. That's caused our productivity to improve with the introduction of all these digital techniques.

Our key growth opportunity is HyperIntelligence sold to our enterprise customers. And the exciting new thing is going to be HyperNow sold out of our cloud environment.

So, our product strategy is to refine and deploy HyperNow. We can deploy HyperIntelligence to your enterprise in less than an hour.

So, it's going to be an extraordinary, extraordinary opportunity for us. So, given all of these things, we expect to generate cash flow and to be consistently profitable on an annual basis looking forward.

We got opportunities to grow revenue and increase margins as well on a go going forward basis. And, we don't expect our continuing operations or our growth to be capital intensive.

Phong has laid out all of these things pretty effectively. I think, our conviction with regard to these considerations became much stronger as the quarter progressed.

At the end of March, there's a huge amount of uncertainty in the macro environment and in the business environment, and there is a lot of uncertainty, both with regard to how our customer base would react and also how our business would be impacted. I think that after 12 weeks of experience, we're able to get our bearings.

And that made us confident that in fact, we can run an enterprise intelligence business more efficiently and with a higher velocity and generate cash flow from it. And that caused us to start to reassess the balance sheet.

And I think, the balance sheet is the second part of our corporate strategy that’s material. We have a large amount of USD on our balance sheet and we have carried that for a while.

Over time, the yield on our dollar values has decreased. And at points we had an expectation that we would get higher real yields.

And therefore, there was no real urgency to address this issue. But, as of today, we're expecting negative real returns or negative real yields on U.S.

dollars. And that's an expectation that has materially changed over the course of the last three months.

We expect on a macroeconomic basis more monetary stimulus from the Fed. We expect more fiscal stimulus from politicians, both in the U.S.

and Europe and perhaps everywhere else in the world. And we expect a low interest rate environment for quite some time.

As Jerome Powell said, we're not thinking about raising interest rates and we're not even thinking about thinking about raising interest rates. And that being the case, if you have large dollar values and you're hoping for any kind of return on them, that’s faded.

Gold, silver and bitcoin are showing strength, the dollar the DXY index is weakening. Faith in fiat currency across the market is fading.

And we've seen that in rallies and most asset classes during Q2. Accordingly, it wouldn't be prudent to continue to hold a large portion of USD as our treasury strategy.

And that's prompted us to rethink this. Our strategy is to return a portion of our capital to the shareholders via buybacks and invest another portion of our capital into assets other than dollars that will yield a positive real rate of return.

That will result in us reducing the number of shares outstanding, and that should be accretive to all shareholders. Having said that, we need to maintain a healthy capital base.

It's the equivalent of our endowment as an institution. And we need that capital base in order to assure our investors, our employees, our customers, and our partners that we're going to be around through good times and bad times.

So, while it's potentially dilutive for us to carry that capital in dollars, that doesn't mean that we don't need capital. Hence, and we look at assets, gold, silver, bitcoin in equities have all been accreting as the dollar has been weakening, it makes sense to shift our treasury assets into some investments that can be inflated away, or are less likely to be inflated away.

There's just about nobody we can find in the market today that isn't expecting some form of inflation to come. So, as we pursue alternative investment strategies for our treasury assets, we expect that we will have more volatility, at least as measured in U.S.

dollar terms looking forward. But with the consensus of the market that fiat currencies are going to continue to debase, now's the time for us to address this issue and make a change in our policy.

We're going to work to execute this two-pronged investment strategy over the next year, taking into account market conditions and the opportunities as they arise. And with that, I would like to go ahead and open the floor for questions from the analysts.

Hey. Thanks and good evening, Michael and Phong.

Phong, I appreciate all the clarity you've given us on some of the efforts you've put into reducing expenses, both from workforce reductions and sizing down your global footprint. Maybe help us understand some of the assumptions into that $60 million to $90 million op income range next year.

Obviously, op income’s a combination of revenue and operating expenses. So, just how should we think about kind of the trajectory of those two items to get us to that $60 million to $90 million range that you put out there?

Yes. Tyler, good to hear from you, as always.

A lot of that range between 60 and 90 is dependent on where we think revenues will go next year. And the dependency on revenue is primarily based on the speed of adoption of cloud.

The speed with which we move existing customers, who are paying maintenance to cloud platform could actually be accretive to revenue moving from product support to subscription services. But, the speed which we move customers from the new customers or new product license revenue to subscription services, as you know, could, in the short-term, be dilutive to revenue, but improve our overall balance sheet and deferred revenue.

So, that uncertainty is what's going to drive that differential between sort of $60 million to $90 million. And of course, also, in addition to that, just sort of what are our assumptions on revenue growth overall.

The parts that we're fairly certain about is where we think we can take our cost structure, right? You've seen in the course of this quarter a roughly 15% year-over-year decrease in our operating expenses.

I think, we can continue with that type of a pace on a go forward basis. And, realizing a full year of that could be quite beneficial to our operating income.

So those are the two components. I would say the revenue is what creates the range and a cost, we have greater certainty.

And as Michael mentioned, we really thought long and hard in the last three months about how we want to run our business. And we think we can do it in a more economic fashion.

And I do want to stress, it's not -- this is not sort of harvesting the business for cash. We can be more economic but still be able to grow the business.

I appreciate that. And maybe just to help clarify a little bit.

So, just to say to get to the $60 million, maybe just talk about the OpEx assumptions for next year. Would you expect another kind of double-digit decline in terms of OpEx growth next year?

Probably not off of this year, or like -- I don't think we're going to get necessarily that aggressive, although we can, we'll start to look at the business overall. But, I think what we're assuming is what you saw sort of on a year-over-year basis in Q2.

We can project that out for a full year and then realize the full year benefits of that. So, there are still other things that we can do, especially as we move more customers to cloud, I think we can get better economies of scale.

Mike talked about some of our new product initiatives. To the extent that those take, those will require even lower sort of cost to serve, cost to sell, cost to market.

And so, there is still additional things we can do that could create more cost savings that we'll evaluate over time.

Got it. And on the product support revenue, obviously that declined a little bit year-over-year.

Maybe just help us understand when you think that starts to return to growth. I know, there were some timing issues -- or maybe the answer is with the subscription transition, it doesn't return to growth and you just see growth in subscription.

But, maybe just help us understand the differences in growth in the product support versus subscription?

Yes. I think the objective there is, as you see customers move from paying perpetual maintenance over to cloud that we see an uplift as we move them over.

So, product support will decline over time, depending on the speed that we move customers to the cloud. But, they'll pick up and be revenue accretive over on the subscription services side.

So, it's hard to project sort of how fast that will happen. As I mentioned in my prepared remarks, we're starting to incent our sales force to move customers from on-prem to the cloud, at the extent, obviously that they increase our ARR.

And that's been our observation to date is when we move customers from on-prem to the cloud, we do see an increase in ARR, and it's fairly significant. Right?

Anywhere from, I'll call it, 20% to 50%. So, predicting the product support revenue going forward, the primary function of that is how quickly we move that revenue over to subscription services.

And then, we see an uplift come out of it. So, overall, it should be accretive to total revenue by moving customers over.

And then, last question for me is just, obviously, these cost cuts are very positive in terms of returning to profitability and generating positive free cash flow. But, just how are you thinking about the impact on returning to revenue growth?

I mean, I imagine you look at your sales and marketing expenses are down pretty significantly year-over-year. So, just how confident are you that you can return to revenue growth, despite making some pretty big cost reductions in areas that would generally be viewed as revenue generating?

Yes It's interesting, and Mike talked about this. The world has really changed.

Right? So, big primary, like sort of things that have reduced, like in-person marketing events.

We've moved it to digital. We haven't seen a substantial decrease in pipeline, as a result.

In fact, in some regions of the world, we've seen an increase in pipeline. So, we were spending significantly less money, if not impacting our ability to market to our customers and our prospects.

Right? T&E expenses, there is always been a historical point of view that you need to be in front of a customer to -- for that initial meeting for the POC to close the deal.

We've seen that hasn't been the case. And we think that we don't need to return to previous levels.

Now, are we going to be operating at zero T&E post-COVID? Probably not, but we think that we can be much less than we've ever been in the past, without an impact to revenue again.

And those are probably the two big buckets on the marketing side. And then, just in terms of sales productivity, our view is, if people aren't traveling, if they aren't going to these physical events and they're not spending time on an airplane, they're able to take more meetings, meet with more customers, advanced deal cycles.

And so, we're able to do more with less over time, and we're seeing this. Generally speaking, in the enterprise software world happen pervasively, we have a good portion of being a pretty agile company.

We move quickly. We make fast decisions.

So, we think that all these cost changes -- and then, as we move to cloud, like when we are able to attract customers through digital channels, consume -- get them to trial on the web, get them to buy very quickly after a trial, and click wrap agreements, very standard agreements, standard upgrades. Like, a lot of the back office expenses over time will be able to reduce too, and we're seeing some of that.

So, it's all sort of this digital transformation that the Company is going through. And so, the reason we're able to start providing guidance about operating income next year is, we have a lot of conviction and the ability to make these changes to the business.

And a year from now or two or three years from now, not necessarily have to reintroduce these costs as a means to generate revenue. We think we can generate revenue growth without these costs for the foreseeable future.

Thank you.

Hi. So, first, I want to start off with, have you already implemented your asset investment strategy?

No, we haven't. We're announcing our strategy today as part of our earnings, and we'll start to implement over the course of the next 12 months.

Okay. And then, what do you see in terms of the customer base as far as the adoption is concerned on your cloud products, that gives you conviction over this guidance and the OpEx cut that you're expecting?

Yes. So, the conviction we have on the guidance and the OpEx cuts is partially related to the implementation of our cloud platform.

But, as I mentioned to Tyler, it's also related to things that we're able to do to change our marketing, our productivity, et cetera. On the cloud side, we've definitely seen a wave in the last year or two years of customers, especially leading with cloud data warehouses and Cloud BI of the interest in moving the cloud.

And so, conversations that we've had have been pretty pervasive throughout the world, the customers uptick in cloud. You're seeing it initially show up in our subscription services revenue, increasing 13% to 15%, depending on the quarter that you're looking at.

So, that sort of initial traction on our cloud subscription services revenue is an indication of where we think we can take this. And remember, this is before we've fully implemented, what I would call, more of a Platform as a Service solution.

This is running what we've been running for the last few years now, more of a private cloud. So, we have seen initial indications of interest from our customers.

We've seen initial buying activity, customers buying into the cloud, both migrating existing customers and new prospects, and we expect this will accelerate. The other thing I'd mention is sort of post-COVID, a lot of our customers are coming back and asking for -- to move to the cloud in even a more rapid way.

So, there is definitely a lot of data points that point to the increased adoption of our Cloud Platform.

And because of this pandemic, what are you seeing from customers as far as anything from a budget cut standpoint or elongated sales process?

Yes. And that's the primary reason for our Q1 and Q2 decreases in product license revenue.

I think, we're seeing two factors. One, at the end of Q1, what we were seeing was a distraction, customers not willing to have conversations and buying BI software because they're trying to figure out business continuity.

In Q2, what we're seeing is either budget freezes or escalation of budget authority to more senior levels. We are starting to see some relaxation on that.

But, you know that not long enough that we can predict what will happen in Q3 or Q4. But, we do expect a turnaround once the global pandemic starts to ease and the economic situation becomes more-clear for everyone.

But, in the short term, it surfaces itself in longer deal cycles, unexpected escalations of authority required to sign on a deal. And so, we're putting in things in place more precision on our deal side to predict for that.

And if today was Q3 quarter-end, how much of a benefit or impact would you see from the weaker U.S. dollar?

You mean on our balance sheet or on our income statement?

Income statement.

I don't think we would see a lot of a benefit from the weaker U.S. dollar.

I mean, it just really depends on the extent that we have our earnings sort of in the U.S. versus international.

And as you probably know, there’s a lot of volatility quarter-to-quarter on our product license revenue, whether it's happening in the U.S. versus international.

One quarter, it might be 40% U.S., 60% international; the next quarter, it might be 70% U.S., 30% international. So, that distribution will be what affects sort of U.S.

dollar translation of our international income into our income statement. And when we move to cloud, when we move to subscription services, we'll see less volatility in that distribution.

But, while a large part of our revenues is coming from product license, there will be a lot of volatility still.

Okay. Thank you.

Okay. So, are there no further questions?

Okay, great. I want to thank everybody for tuning in today to our call and to all of our shareholders on the call.

Thank you for your support. We’ll look forward to speaking with you again in 12 weeks.

Until then, be safe.